EMT Basic · Chapter 39 · Review · Chapter track
Vehicle Extrication and Special Rescue
Referencing the content of EMT-Basic training and emergency patient care
Learning objectives (10)
Define the terms extrication and entrapment — Knowledge/skills objective (printed page 1463); confirm wording in your course copy.
- USFA · FEMA USFA
Describe examples of situations that would require special technical rescue teams and the EMT’s role in these situations — Knowledge/skills objective (printed page 1463); confirm wording in your course copy.
- USFA · FEMA USFA
Describe examples of vehicle safety components that may be hazardous to both EMTs and patients following a collision and how to mitigate their dangers — Knowledge/skills objective (printed page 1463); confirm wording in your course copy.
- USFA · FEMA USFA
Describe the 10 phases of vehicle extrication and the role of the EMT during each one — Knowledge/skills objective (printed page 1463); confirm wording in your course copy.
- USFA · FEMA USFA
Describe the special precautions the EMT should follow to protect the patient during a vehicle extrication — Knowledge/skills objective (printed page 1463); confirm wording in your course copy.
- USFA · FEMA USFA
Discuss how to ensure safety at the scene of a rescue incident, including scene size-up and the selection of the proper personal protective equipment and additional necessary gear — Knowledge/skills objective (printed page 1463); confirm wording in your course copy.
- USFA · FEMA USFA
Discuss patient care considerations related to assisting with rapid extrication, providing emergency care to a trapped patient, and removing and transferring a patient — Knowledge/skills objective (printed page 1463); confirm wording in your course copy.
- USFA · FEMA USFA
Explain the difference between simple access and complex access in vehicle extrication — Knowledge/skills objective (printed page 1463); confirm wording in your course copy.
- USFA · FEMA USFA
Explain the different factors that must be considered before attempting to gain access to the patient during an incident that requires extrication — Knowledge/skills objective (printed page 1463); confirm wording in your course copy.
- USFA · FEMA USFA
Explain the responsibilities of an EMT in patient rescue and vehicle extrication — Knowledge/skills objective (printed page 1463); confirm wording in your course copy.
- USFA · FEMA USFA
Chapter web resources
Optional reading from authoritative sites. Your textbook remains the primary source for this course.
- USFA · FEMA USFA
Extrication and rescue operations context
When sources disagree (5 topics to verify before you teach from this chapter alone)
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Vocabulary · 12
Extrication
The process of safely removing a patient from a vehicle, structure, or other entrapment.
SourceNational Fire Protection Association (NFPA) — NFPA 1006 — Standard for technical rescue
Simple access
Reaching a patient without specialized tools — opening unlocked doors, lowering windows, or using existing openings.
SourceNFPA — Vehicle extrication — simple access
Complex access
Reaching a patient requires tools or specialty teams — hydraulic equipment, cribbing, or technical rescue resources.
SourceNFPA — Vehicle extrication — complex access
Cribbing
Interlocking wood or composite blocks used to stabilize vehicles or heavy objects during rescue operations.
SourceNFPA — Vehicle stabilization — cribbing
Step chocks
Stair-stepped cribbing pieces used to wedge under a vehicle's frame to limit movement.
SourceNFPA — Vehicle stabilization
Hydraulic spreader
The hydraulic 'jaws of life' tool used to force apart vehicle components — doors, posts, frames — during extrication.
SourceNFPA — Hydraulic rescue tools
Hydraulic cutter
A hydraulic shear used to cut through vehicle posts, body panels, or steering columns.
SourceNFPA — Hydraulic rescue tools
Vehicle stabilization
Securing a vehicle against unwanted movement before personnel access the interior or work around the vehicle.
SourceNFPA — Vehicle stabilization
Rapid extrication
Expedited removal of a patient when the scene is unsafe, the patient is unstable, or rapid movement is otherwise indicated despite injury risk.
SourceAAOS — Emergency Care and Transportation of the Sick and Injured, 12e — Rapid extrication technique
Technical rescue
Specialized rescue disciplines requiring advanced training and equipment — confined space, swift water, high angle, trench, and structural collapse.
SourceNFPA 1006 — Technical rescue disciplines
SCBA (self-contained breathing apparatus)
Portable breathing equipment worn by rescuers to supply respirable air in toxic or oxygen-deficient atmospheres.
SourceOSHA — Self-contained breathing apparatus
Inner / outer circle
Two organizational zones around a rescue scene — the inner circle (active rescuers) and outer circle (support personnel and equipment staging).
SourceNFPA — Vehicle rescue scene management
Sequences · 2
- Order of extrication priorities — Order the EMT and rescue team priorities at a vehicle extrication.
- Attempting simple access first — Order the simple access checks before escalating to tools.