Patients With Special Challenges

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• Physician/Medical Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment — portable medical orders that travel with the patient and specify care preferences in serious illness.

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• A surgically created opening in the front of the neck into the trachea, often connected to a tube to facilitate breathing.

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• A developmental condition affecting communication, social interaction, and sensory processing; requires patient-specific communication strategies.

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• A surgically created opening that connects an internal body cavity to the surface — examples include tracheostomy and colostomy stomas.

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• A flexible tube inserted into the bladder to continuously drain urine, often used long-term.

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