Environmental Emergencies

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• The perceived effect of cold on exposed skin caused by the combination of air temperature and wind speed.

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• Local tissue injury from freezing — typically of fingers, toes, ears, nose; severity ranges from frostnip to deep tissue loss.

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• Heat illness with profuse sweating, weakness, nausea, and normal-to-mildly-elevated core temperature; mental status remains intact.

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• The process of respiratory impairment from submersion or immersion in a liquid; outcome can be survival, morbidity, or death.

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• Core body temperature below 95°F (35°C); may progress from shivering to confusion, loss of consciousness, and cardiac arrest.

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