EMT Basic · Chapter 30 · Review · Chapter track
Chest Injuries
Referencing the content of EMT-Basic training and emergency patient care
Learning objectives (11)
Demonstrate the management of a patient with a sucking chest wound — Knowledge/skills objective (printed page 1091); confirm wording in your course copy.
Describe the complications of a patient with a flail chest — Knowledge/skills objective (printed page 1091); confirm wording in your course copy.
Describe the complications of cardiac tamponade — Knowledge/skills objective (printed page 1091); confirm wording in your course copy.
Describe the complications of rib fractures — Knowledge/skills objective (printed page 1091); confirm wording in your course copy.
Describe the differences between an open and closed chest injury — Knowledge/skills objective (printed page 1091); confirm wording in your course copy.
Describe the steps to take in the assessment of a patient with a suspected chest injury — Knowledge/skills objective (printed page 1091); confirm wording in your course copy.
Differentiate between a pneumothorax (open, simple, and tension) and a hemothorax — Knowledge/skills objective (printed page 1091); confirm wording in your course copy.
Explain the complications of a patient with an open pneumothorax (sucking chest wound) — Knowledge/skills objective (printed page 1091); confirm wording in your course copy.
Explain the mechanics of ventilation in relation to chest injuries — Knowledge/skills objective (printed page 1091); confirm wording in your course copy.
Recognize the complications that can accompany chest injuries — Knowledge/skills objective (printed page 1091); confirm wording in your course copy.
Recognize the signs of chest injury — Knowledge/skills objective (printed page 1091); confirm wording in your course copy.
Chapter web resources
Optional reading from authoritative sites. Your textbook remains the primary source for this course.
- MedlinePlus chest injuries · NIH
Thoracic trauma
When sources disagree (5 topics to verify before you teach from this chapter alone)
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Vocabulary · 11
Pneumothorax
Air in the pleural space causing partial or complete lung collapse.
SourceNIH MedlinePlus — Pneumothorax
Tension pneumothorax
A pneumothorax in which a one-way air leak progressively collapses the lung and shifts mediastinal structures, compromising circulation; an immediate threat to life.
SourceAmerican College of Surgeons — ATLS — Tension pneumothorax
Hemothorax
Blood in the pleural space, often from chest trauma; can cause respiratory compromise and shock.
SourceNIH MedlinePlus — Hemothorax
Hemopneumothorax
The presence of both blood and air in the pleural space following thoracic trauma.
SourceAmerican College of Surgeons — ATLS — Thoracic trauma
Flail chest
A free segment of chest wall created by fractures of two or more adjacent ribs in two or more places; produces paradoxical movement.
SourceAmerican College of Surgeons — ATLS — Flail chest
Pulmonary contusion
Bruising of lung tissue from blunt chest trauma; can lead to hypoxia over hours.
SourceAmerican College of Surgeons — ATLS — Pulmonary contusion
Cardiac tamponade
Compression of the heart by fluid in the pericardial sac; reduces cardiac output and causes obstructive shock.
SourceAmerican Heart Association — Cardiac tamponade
Beck's triad
The classic findings of cardiac tamponade — hypotension, jugular venous distention, and muffled heart sounds.
SourceMerriam-Webster Medical Dictionary — Beck's triad
Open chest wound (sucking chest wound)
A penetrating chest injury that allows air to enter the pleural space directly through the wound during inhalation.
SourceAmerican College of Surgeons — ATLS — Open pneumothorax
Vented chest seal
An occlusive dressing with a one-way valve placed over an open chest wound to prevent air entry while allowing air to escape, reducing tension risk.
SourceCommittee on Tactical Combat Casualty Care (TCCC) — Vented chest seal
Paradoxical respirations
Inward chest wall movement during inhalation (opposite of normal) — characteristic of flail chest.
SourceAmerican College of Surgeons — ATLS — Paradoxical chest movement
Sequences · 2
- Recognition of tension pneumothorax — Order these findings from earliest to latest in a developing tension pneumothorax.
- Field management of an open chest wound — Order EMT steps for an open ('sucking') chest wound.