Chest Injuries

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• Bruising of lung tissue from blunt chest trauma; can lead to hypoxia over hours.

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• Compression of the heart by fluid in the pericardial sac; reduces cardiac output and causes obstructive shock.

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• The classic findings of cardiac tamponade — hypotension, jugular venous distention, and muffled heart sounds.

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• A pneumothorax in which a one-way air leak progressively collapses the lung and shifts mediastinal structures, compromising circulation; an immediate threat to life.

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• Inward chest wall movement during inhalation (opposite of normal) — characteristic of flail chest.

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