| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Normal Heart Rate (adult) | 60 – 100 bpm |
| Bradycardia threshold | < 60 bpm (handout edge: 50 bpm) |
| Tachycardia threshold | ≥ 110 bpm; can run to 220 bpm in extreme states |
| Asystole | 0 bpm — no electrical activity, no pulse |
| Normal Respiratory Rate (adult) | 12 – 20 rpm |
| Bradypnea threshold | < 8 rpm |
| Tachypnea threshold | ≥ 24 rpm; 40+ rpm is severe |
| Apnea | 0 rpm — no respirations |
| Normal Blood Pressure (adult) | ≈ 120 / 80 mmHg |
| Hypotensive threshold | Systolic BP < 90 mmHg |
| Hypertensive threshold | Systolic BP > 140 mmHg |
| Normal SpO₂ | 95 – 99% |
| Inadequate Oxygenation | SpO₂ < 90% |
| Normal Blood Glucose Level | 80 – 120 mg/dL |
| Hypoglycemic threshold | < 60 mg/dL |
| Hyperglycemic threshold | > 140 mg/dL |
| Immediate-danger side of every vital | The LOW side: Brady-, Hypo-, Inadequate. These kill faster. |
| Long-term-danger side of every vital | The HIGH side: Tachy-, Hyper-. These do damage over time. |
| Vital | Immediate-danger (low) | Normal | Long-term-danger (high) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Heart Rate bpm | Bradycardia < 60 bpm | Normal Heart Rate 60 – 100 bpm | Tachycardia ≥ 110 bpm (up to 220 bpm) |
| Respiratory Rate rpm | Bradypnea < 8 rpm | Normal Respiratory Rate 12 – 20 rpm | Tachypnea ≥ 24 rpm (40+ rpm severe) |
| Blood Pressure (systolic) mmHg | Hypotensive Systolic BP < 90 mmHg | Normal Blood Pressure ≈ 120 / 80 mmHg | Hypertensive Systolic BP > 140 mmHg |
| Oxygenation (SpO₂) % | Inadequate Oxygenation < 90% | Normal SpO₂ 95 – 99% | - |
| Blood Glucose Level (BGL) mg/dL | Hypoglycemic < 60 mg/dL | Normal Blood Sugar 80 – 120 mg/dL | Hyperglycemic > 140 mg/dL |